Comparative Anatomy- The forelimb

Here I have superimposed the actual bone on a demo drawing to illustrate how the radius has evolved/devolved based on survival imperative.I've laid out the human dog, and horse brachia to illustrate this.Most obvious is the lack of clavicles in the dog and horse and the gradual restricted movement of the radius in the dog to total fusion of the ulna with the radius in the horse into permanent pronation.

The Larynx

The structure of the Larynx

 

Cartilage of Nose

The cartilage of the nose

Frontalis muscle

The frontalis muscle, also known as the occipitofrontalis or epicranius, is thin, of a quadrilateral form, and intimately adherent to the superficial fascia. It is broader than the Occipitalis and its fibers are longer and paler in color. It is located on the front of the head.

It has no bony attachments.

Its medial fibers are continuous with those of the Procerus; its immediate fibers blend with the Corrugator and Orbicularis oculi, thus attached to the skin of the eyebrows; and its lateral fibers are also blended with the latter muscle over the zygomatic process of the frontal bone.

In the eyebrows, its primary function is to lift them (thus opposing the orbital portion of the orbicularis), especially when looking up. It also acts when a view is too distant or dim.

From these attachments the fibers are directed upward, and join the galea aponeurotica below the coronal suture.

The medial margins of the Frontales are joined together for some distance above the root of the nose; but between the Occipitales there is a considerable, though variable, interval, occupied by the galea aponeurotica.

It could be part of occipitofrontalis muscle.

Levator Labii Superioris and Corrugator muscles

Superior to the mouth are the Levator muscles.

Levator Anguli Oris( lying underneath the Levator Labii Superioris)

The Levator Labii Superioris has a medial portion which continues superior toward the corner of the eye.

The medial fiber is known as the Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque nasi muscle.

The levator labii superioris (or quadratus labii superioris) is a muscle of the human body used in facial expression. It is a broad sheet, the origin of which extends from the side of the nose to the zygomatic bone.
Its medial fibers form the angular head, which arises by a pointed extremity from the upper part of the frontal process of the maxilla and passing obliquely downward and lateralward divides into two slips.
One of these is inserted into the greater alar cartilage and skin of the nose; the other is prolonged into the lateral part of the upper lip, blending with the infraorbital head and with the Orbicularis oris.
The intermediate portion or infraorbital head arises from the lower margin of the orbit immediately above the infraorbital foramen, some of its fibers being attached to the maxilla, others to the zygomatic bone.
Its fibers converge, to be inserted into the muscular substance of the upper lip between the angular head and the Caninus.
The lateral fibers, forming the zygomatic head, arise from the malar surface of the zygomatic bone immediately behind the zygomaticomaxillary suture and pass downward and medialward to the upper lip.

The two Zygomaticus,minor and major,extend from the lateral and posterior portion of the Zygomatic bone( far back on the cheek and attach on the oris and lip tissue.

There are two sections of the Obicularis Oris muscle, i.s., the palpebral section (eyelids) and orbital section(sheathing out the socket anteriorly.
Medial and extending from the bridge of the nose lateraly toward either side is the Nasal muscle

 Just above the obicularis muscle is a angled fibrous section of muscle that covers the glabellar swelling.
It is known as the Corrugator muscle.
The Corrugator supercilii is a small, narrow, pyramidal muscle, placed at the medial end of the eyebrow, beneath the Frontalis and just above Orbicularis oculi.
It arises from the medial end of the superciliary arch; and its fibers pass upward and laterally, between the palpebral and orbital portions of the Orbicularis oculi, and are inserted into the deep surface of the skin, above the middle of the orbital arch.

The Corrugator draws the eyebrow downward and medially, producing the vertical wrinkles of the forehead. It is the “frowning” muscle, and may be regarded as the principal muscle in the expression of suffering^]. It also contracts in order to prevent high sun glare, pulling the eyebrows toward the bridge of the nose, making a roof over the area above the middle corner of the eye and typical forehead furrows.